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[1] Nichols v. Universal Pictures Corp.,45F.2d 119, 121 (2d Cir 1930).

[2] Marshall Leaffer, Understanding Copyright Law,(4th ed LexisNexis ,2005)p.92.

[3] Jasmina Zecevic, Distinctly Delineated Fictional Character that Constitute the Story Being Told: Who are They and Do They Deserve Independent Copyright Protection,8 VAND. J . ENT. L.&PRAC.365 370(2006)P6.  

[4] Kathryn M Foley, Protecting Fictional Characters: Defining The Elusive Trademark-Copyright Divide., 41 Conn. L. Rev. 921 (2008-2009),p.928.