E. pµe¨Ï¥ÎªÌ
The vast majority of participants in fast-track programs are
domestic applicants, with only small percentage applying to fast-track
programs from abroad.µ´¤j¦h¼Æ§Ö³t¹D¸ôpµeªº°Ñ»PªÌ¬O°ê¤º¥Ó½Ð¤H¡A±q°ê¥~¥u¦³«Ü¤pªº¤ñ¨Ò¥Ó½Ð§Ö³t¹D¸ôpµe¡CThis suggests that foreign
applicants may only want to expedite the first application, which is usually
filed in their home country.³oªí©ú¥~°ê¥Ó½Ð¤H¥i¯à¤£ª¾¹D¸Ópµe¡A¤]ªí©ú¥Ó½Ð¤H¥i¯à¥u·Q¥[³t³q±`¬O¦b¥»°ê¥Ó½Ðªº²Ä¤@¥ó¥Ó½Ð®×¡CpµeHarmonization of the programs
would likely boost participation-particularly across borders.ªº²Î¤@±N¦³¥i¯à´£°ª°Ñ»P¡A¯S§O¬O¸ó¶V°ê¬Éªº¡C
»P¤£½Ð¨D¥[³t¼f¬dªº¤½¥qCompared to companies that do not request accelerated
examination, fast-track users tend to have smaller revenues and
faster-growing assets.¬Û¤ñ¡A§Ö³t¹D¸ô¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¶É¦V¨ã¦³§ó¤pªº¦¬¤J©M§Ö³t¼Wªøªº¸ê²£¡C¦]¦¹¡AFast-track programs, therefore,
seem to be particularly appealing to start-up companies in the green
technology sector that are currently raising capital but still generating low
revenues.§Ö³t¹D¸ôpµe¦ü¥G¯S§O§l¤Þºñ¯à¬ì§Þ¦æ·~¤¤¥Ø«e¥¿¦bÄw¶°¸êª÷¦ý¤´²£¥Í§C¦¬¤Jªº·s³Ð¤½¥q¡C
III. III. Next Steps¤U¤@¨B
Using forward citations as a measure of knowledge spillovers,
we find that within the same period, fast-track patents receive more than
twice as many citations as patents of similar value filed through the
traditional route.±Ä¥Î«e¦V¤Þ¥Î§@¬°ª¾ÃÑ·¸¥Xªº«×¶q¡A§Ú̵o²{¡A¦b¦P¤@´Á¶¡¤º¡A§Ö³t¹D¸ô±M§Q¤ñ³q¹L¶Ç²Î³~®|¥Ó½ÐªºÃþ¦ü»ùȪº±M§QÀò±o¶W¹L¨â¿¦hªº¤Þ¥Î¡CThis indicates that fast-track
programs have accelerated the diffusion of technological knowledge in green
technologies in the short run (ie, during the first urgency of addressing
environmental challenges, this is encouraging. Whether the effect will be the
same in the long run remains to be seen.³oªí©ú§Ö³t¹D¸ôpµe¤w¦bµu´Á¤º¡]§Y¡A¦b±M§Q¤½¶}«á«e´X¦~´Á¶¡¡^¥[³t¤Fºñ¯à¬ì§Þ¤¤§Þ³Nª¾ÃѪºÂX´²¡CŲ©óÀ³¹ïÀô¹Ò¬D¾Ôªººò¢©Ê¡A³o¬O¥O¤H¹ª»Rªº¡C±qªø»·¨Ó¬Ý¦¹®ÄÀ³¬O§_·|¬O¤@¼Ëªº¡A¤´¦³«ÝÆ[¹î¡C
The high participation rate in the UK shows there is a clear
demand for fast-track programs, even if only a minority of applicants has an
interest in using them.¦b^°êªº°ª°Ñ»P²vÅã¥Ü¹ï§Ö³t¹D¸ôpµe¦³©ú½T»Ý¨D¡A§Y¨Ï¥u¦³¤Ö¼Æ¥Ó½Ð¤H¹ï¨Ï¥Î¥¦Ì¦³¿³½ì¡C¦p¦ó¥i¯à¦b¨ä¥L±M§Q§½´£°ªHow might participation be
enhanced at other patent offices?°Ñ»P¡H
Given the burden on applicants to understand and satisfy a
disparate set of expedited examination program rules, we believe a
standardized global system of green technology fast-track requirements would
be a major boost to participation in such programs.Ų©ó¥Ó½Ð¤H¹ï©ó²z¸Ñ¨Ãº¡¨¬¤@®M¤£¦Pªº¥[§Ö¼f¬dpµe³W«hªºt¾á¡A§Ú̬۫Hºñ¯à¬ì§Þ§Ö³t¹D¸ôn¨Dªº¤@ӼзǤƪº¥þ²y¨î«×±N¬O°Ñ»P³oºØpµeªº¤@Ó«¤j±À°Ê¡CA harmonized system would
provide a single set of rules that would apply to all IP offices offering
expedited examination for green patent applications.¤@ӲΤ@ªº¨î«×±N´£¨Ñ³æ¤@ªº¤@®M¾A¥Î©ó©Ò¦³±M§Q§½ªº³W«h¡A¥H´£¨Ñºñ¯à±M§Q¥Ó½Ðªº¥[§Ö¼f¬d¡CA balanced system would couple
broad subject-matter eligibility requirements (to include as many useful
green technologies as possible) with reasonable process restrictions (to keep
examinersâ£á™ workloads manageable), thereby maintaining sufficiently
high-speed examination.¤@Ó¥¿Åªº¨î«×·|±N¼sªxªº¼Ðªº¾A®æ©Ên¨D¡]¥H¥]¬AºÉ¥i¯à¦hªº¦³¥Îºñ¯à¬ì§Þ¡^»P¦X²zªºµ{§Ç¨îÁpµ²¡]¥Hºû«ù¼f¬dûªº¤u§@t¸ü¬°¥iºÞ²z¡^¡A±q¦Ó«O«ù¨¬°÷°ª³tªº¼f¬d¡CIn a harmonized system, the
applicant need only prepare one submission to apply for accelerated
examination in any number of participating offices.¦b²Î¤@¨î«×¤¤¡A¥Ó½Ð¤H¥u»Ýn·Ç³Æ¤@¥÷§e°e¤å¥ó¨Ó¥Ó½Ð°Ñ»P±M§Q§½ªº¥ô¦ó¦¨ûªº¥[³t¼f¬d¡CÂÇ¥ÑBy eliminating a substantial
burden on applicants, a standardized, balanced international system of
expedited examination would encourage greater participation in green
technology fast-track programs.®ø°£¹ï¥Ó½Ð¤Hªº¹ê½è©Êt¾á¡A¥[§Ö¼f¬dªº¼Ð·Ç¤Æ¡B¥¿Åªº°ê»Ú¨î«×±N¹ªÀy¦bºñ¯à¬ì§Þ§Ö³t¹D¸ôpµeªº§ó¦h°Ñ»P¡C¹ï©ó³\¦hIt also would reduce the time to grant for
a larger number of green patents, thereby fostering development and diffusion
of green technologies.ºñ¯à±M§Q¨Ó»¡¡A³o¤]±N´î¤Ö®Ö㪺®É¶¡¡A±q¦Ó«P¶iºñ¯à¬ì§Þªº¶}µo©M±À¼s¡C
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