ªø¼f¬d´Á¶¡ªº¤@Ó«nÀuÂI¬O¡A¥¦©µ¿ð¤F»P±M§Q®Öã¬ÛÃöªº¶O¥Î¡CIt also gives patent applicants time to
determine whether the patent will be commercially viable before requesting
the grant in the first place.³o¤]¦b²Ä¤@°ê½Ð¨D®Ö㤧«e¡Aµ¹±M§Q¥Ó½Ð¤H®É¶¡¨Ó½T©w±M§Q¬O§_±N·|¦b°Ó·~¤W¥i¦æ¡CAnother major benefit of delayed
examination is that it allows applicants to adjust the patent application-in
particular the list of claims-during the examination process.©µ¿ð¼f¬dªº¥t¤@Ó¥Dn¦n³B¬O¡A¥¦¤¹³\¥Ó½Ð¤H¦b¼f¬d¹Lµ{´Á¶¡½Õ¾ã±M§Q¥Ó½Ð®×¢w¯S§O¬O½Ð¨D¶µªº²M³æ¡CIf granted too early, the patent
claims might not perfectly match the final version of the invention, thus
facilitating circumvention.¦pªG¤Ó¦®Öã¡A±M§Q½Ð¨D¶µ¥i¯à¤£·|§¹¬ü»P¸Óµo©úªº³Ì²×ª©¥»¤Ç°t¡A¦]¦Ó¦³§Q©ó³WÁסC
Since patent applications must be disclosed when the patent is
granted, an early grant occurring before the end of the 18-month period after
which patent applications are normally published could increase the risk of
competitors being able to quickly design competing technology.¥Ñ©ó±M§Q³Q®Öã®É¡A±M§Q¥Ó½Ð¥²¶·³Q´¦ÅS¡Aµo¥Í¦b18Ó¤ë´Á¶¡(¦b¦¹¤§«á±M§Q¥Ó½Ð³q±`³Q¤½¶})µ²§ô¤§«eªº¦´Á®Öã¥i¯à¼W¥[Ävª§¹ï¤â¯à°÷§Ö³t¦a³]pÄvª§§Þ³Nªº·ÀI¡CµM¦Ó¡AOur interviews with patent
attorneys revealed, however, that this is unlikely to be an issue in
practice.§ÚÌ»P±M§Q¥N²z¤Hªº³X½ÍÅã¥Ü¡A³o¤£¥i¯à¦¨¬°²{¹ê¤¤ªº°ÝÃD¡C ¤j¦h¼Æ¹ï©óMost requests for accelerated examination occur before this
18-month period-a further indication that applications do not view early
publication as a serious issue.¥[³t¼f¬dªº½Ð¨Dµo¥Í¦b³o18Ó¤ë´Á¶¡¤§«e¢w¶i¤@¨Bªí©ú¥Ó½Ð¤H¨Ã¤£±N¦´Á¤½¶}µø¬°¤@ÓÄY«ªº°ÝÃD¡C
D.Types of TechnologyD.§Þ³NÃþ«¬
Technologies relating to climate change, particularly to
renewable energy, comprise the vast majority of fast-tracked patents, with
some variations across countries.Ãö©ó®ðÔÅܤơA¯S§O¬O¥i¦A¥Í¯à·½ªº§Þ³N¡A¥]¬Aµ´¤j¦h¼Æªº§Ö³t¹D¸ô±M§Q¡A¦ý¦U°ê¤§¶¡¦³¤@¨Ç®t²§¡CIn the United States the
majority of fast-track requests involve wind power technology, while carbon
capture and storage are popular in Australia and Canada.¦b¬ü°ê¡A¤j¦h¼Æ§Ö³t¹D¸ô½Ð¨D¯A¤Î·¤O§Þ³N¡A¦ÓºÒ®·Àò©MÀx¦s¦b¿D¬w©M¥[®³¤j¸û´¶¹M¡COther environmental
technologies-such as recycling or pollution-control technologies-represent
around 20 percent of patent applications except in Israel, where 30 percent
of applications cover water-saving technologies.¨ä¥LÀô¹Ò§Þ³N¡A¦p¦^¦¬©Î¦Ã¬V±±¨î§Þ³N¡A¥Nªí¤F±M§Q¥Ó½Ð¶qªº20¢H¥ª¥k (°£¤F¦b¥H¦â¦C¡A30¢Hªº¥Ó½Ð®×²[»\¸`¤ô§Þ³N)¡C
»P¦P®É¥Ó½Ð¦ý¥¼½Ð¨D¥[³t¼f¬dªº¨ä¥Lºñ¯à¬ì§Þ¬ÛÃö±M§Q¥Ó½Ð¬Û¤ñ¡AFast-tracked patent applications seem to involve
technologies of significantly higher value than other green
technology-related patent applications field at the same time but for which
accelerated examination was not requested.§Ö³t¹D¸ô±M§Q¥Ó½Ð¦ü¥G¯A¤Î©úÅã§ó°ª»ùȪº§Þ³N¡CPatent applications processed
under the fast-track procedures are filed in more countries on average and
are also more likely to be filed in all major patent offices (the European
Patent Office (EPO), the JPO, and the USPTO).¦b§Ö³t¹D¸ôµ{§Ç¤U³B²zªº±M§Q¥Ó½Ð¥§¡¨Ó»¡¦b§ó¦h°ê®a´£¥X¥Ó½Ð¡A¦Ó¥B¤]§ó¥i¯à¦b©Ò¦³¥Dn±M§Q§½¡]¼Ú¬w±M§Q§½¡]EPO¡^¡BJPO©MUSPTO¡^´£¥X¥Ó½Ð¡CThis suggests that applicants tend to request accelerated
examination for patent applications involving high-value inventions that may
be attracting early commercial interest from potential business partners.³oªí©ú¡A¥Ó½Ð¤H©¹©¹¬°¤F¯A¤Î°ª»ùȵo©ú¦Ó¥i¯à§l¤Þ¨Ó¦Û¼ç¦b°Ó·~¹Ù¦ñªº¦´Á°Ó·~§Q¯qªº±M§Q¥Ó½Ðn¨D¥[³t¼f¬d¡C
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