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DEEP & FAR

 

 

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2. ¥»®×¾A¥Îªk¥O»P§P¨M

 

2.1¬ü°ê±M§QªkSection 271(d)

¬ü°ê1988¦~­×¥¿ªk®×¨Ã¼W­q¤F¬ü°ê±M§Qªk¡± 271(d)¬OÃö©ó±M§QÀݥΪº¬ÛÃö³W½d¡C¬ü°ê±M§Qªk¡±271(d)³W©w¡A¦³Åv¥D±i±ÏÀÙ¤§±M§QÅv¤H¡A¦b¦³«I®`©Î¶¡±µ«I®`¨ä±M§QÅv±¡§Î¤U¡A¤£±o¦]¦³¤U¦C¦U´Ú±¡¨Æ¦Ó§_©w¨ä¦æ¨Ï±ÏÀÙ¤§Åv¤O¡A©Î³Qµø¬°±M§QÀݥΩιHªkÂX±i±M§QÅv¡G

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(4) ©Úµ´±ÂÅv¥L¤H¹ê¬I©Î¨Ï¥Î¨ä±M§QÅvªÌ¡F

(5) ±M§Q±ÂÅv¥H±ÂÅv¨ä¥L±M§Q©ÎÁʶR¨ä±M§Q²£«~¡A§@¬°±ÂÅv±ø¥ó¡A¦ý¦b¯S©w±¡§Î¤U¡A±M§QÅv¤H¤§¨tª§±M§Q©Î±M§Q²£«~¦b¸Ó¬ÛÃö¥«³õ»â°ì¨ã¦³¥«³õ¼vÅT¤O(market power)ªÌ¡A¤£¦b¦¹­­¡C

¡±271(d)(5)­n¨D»ÝÃÒ©ú±M§QÅv¤H¨ã¦³¥«³õ¼vÅT¤O¬°«e´£¡A¤è±o§PÂ_¬O§_ºc¦¨±M§QÀݥΡC¦¹±ø¤å¤¹³\ªk°|°£«D¦b±M§QÅv¤H¦b¬ÛÃö¥«³õ»â°ì¡A¨ã¦³¥«³õ¼vÅT¤O±¡§Î®É¡A¤è¥i§PÂ_±M§QÅv¤H¬O§_¦³±M§QÀݥΤ§¦¨¥ß¡CµM¦Ó¦b¬ü°êªk°|©Î¾ÇªÌ¦b½×¤Î¦¹¤@³W©w®É¡A²£¥Í¤F¤@­ÓºÃ°Ý¡A´N¬O¥«³õ¼vÅT¤O§@¬°¦b§PÂ_±M§QÀݥΤ§ºc¦¨±ø¥ó®É¡A¨s³ºÀ³¥H¥²µMªºÃö«Y(Per Se)¥[¥H§PÂ_¡A¦Óµø¬°¤@±j¨î³W©w?©Î¬OÀ³µø¬°¤@«D±j¨î³W©w(default rule)¡A¦Ó¤¹³\ªk°|¨ã¦³¦X²zªº§PÂ_¼u©ÊªÅ¶¡(Reasonable Approach)?

°²¨Ï¬ü°ê±M§Qªk¡±271(d)(5)¬O¤¹³\¦s¦³¤£¾A¥Î¦¹³W©w¤§¼u©ÊªÅ¶¡¡A«h¦¹§Y­l¥Í¥t¤@¦³½ìª§Ä³¡A§Y¦b±M§QÅv¤H¨ã¦³¥«³õ¼vÅT¤Oªº¥«³õ¡A°²¨Ï±M§QÅv¤H¥H¥]»q±ÂÅv©Î·f°â¶R½æ±j­¢±À¾P¨ä¥L«D¥²­n±M§Q©Î«D¥²­n±M§Q²£«~ªº±¡§Î¡A«h¡±271(d)(5)³W©w¬O§_¦³¸ÑÄÀ¬°¥²µMÃö«Y(Per Se)ªº¥i¯à©Ê?   Áö¦³½×ªÌ»{¬°¥Ñ¦¹¤@³W©wªº¤Ï­±³W©w¤§¥ßªk¤è¦¡Æ[¤§¡A¥ßªk¦Ò¶qÀ³¬O¦³­­ÁY¨ä¦¨¥ß±M§QÀݥΤ§·N¡A©Ò¥H´N¦p¦P¬ü°êÁp¨¹¤W¶D¨µ°jªk°|©ó§P¨M¤¤©Ò­zªº¡A±M§QÀݥέì«hÄÝ©óªk©x³yªk¤Uªº²£ª«¡A±N¹ïªk©w±M§QÅv§Q¥D±i«IÅv±Æ°£½Ð¨DÅv®Éªº¤@­Ó­­¨î»P´î·l¡A¬G¨µ°jªk°|¤@¦V¤£·|¼sªxªº¾A¥Î¤§¡C

 

2.2 ¬ü°ê¹ê°È§P¨M

2.2.1 Patent Misuse Doctrine

(1)¤£·íÂX±iÅv§Qª÷­pºâ°ò¦ªºªk«ß­·ÀI -- ¸T¤î±M§QÀݥέì«h

¸T¤î±M§QÀݥέì«h¡]Patent Misuse Doctrine¡^¬°¤@Ãþ¦ü­^¬ü«IÅvªk¤¤¡A¸T¤î¤£²b¤§¤â¡]Unclean Hands Doctrine¡^¤§¿Å¥­ªk­ì«h¡C¦¹­ì«h­­¨îÀݥΨä±M§Q¤§±M§QÅv¤H´£¥X±M§Q«IÅv¶D³^¡A¤£½×ÀݥαM§QªººA¼Ë¬O¹H¤Ï¤Ï¦«©Ô´µªk¤§ÀݥκA¼Ë¡A©Î¬O¥ø¹ÏÂX±i¨ä±M§Q±Æ¥LÅvªºÀݥκA¼Ë§¡Äݤ§¡C

(2)ªk©x³yªkÀô¹Ò¤U¥¥¨|ªº±M§QÀݥθT¤î­ì«h

ÄÝ©óCommon Law¨t²Îªº¬ü°êªk¡A³\¦hªk«ß­ì«h§¡·½©óªk°|ªº§P¨M¡C¦P¼Ëªº¡A±M§QÀݥέì«h¡A¥i»¡¬O·½©ó¬ü°ê³Ì°ªªk°|¦b1917 ¦~Motion Picture Patents v. Universal Film Manufacturing, 502, 37 S.Ct. 416, (1917)ªº§P¨M¨M©w¡C¦b¦¹§P¨M¤¤¡A¬ü°ê³Ì°ªªk°|©ú¥Ü¡A±M§QÅv¤H­n¨D¸g¨ä±M§Q±ÂÅv¤§¹q¼v©ñ¬M¾÷¥u±o©ñ¬M¯S©w¹q¼v¡A¦p¦¹­­¨î¹q¼v©ñ¬M¾÷ªºÁʶR¤H¡A¬OµL®Äªº­­¨î¡A²¦³º¹q¼v©úÅã«D¸Ó±M§Qµo©úªº±M§Q«OÅ@½d³ò¤º¡C¦Ó¥B¦¹¤@­­¨î¨Ã«D±M§Qªk©Ò¤¹³\ªº±M§Q«OÅ@½d³ò¡A¦p¤¹³\±M§QÅv¤H¥H¦¹¤è¦¡¹ï©ó¹q¼v·~ªÌ¦æ¨Ï¨ä±M§QÅv¡A±N¤£·í±Â¤©¶W¥X¨ä±M§Q½d³ò¤§±Æ¥LÅv§Q¡AÅã±N¶W¥X±M§QªkÀ³·í¸ÑÄÀªº«OÅ@½d³ò¡C

±q¤W­z¬ü°ê§P¨Mªº¤¶²Ð¡A§Ú­Ì¥iª¾¬ü°êªk¨t²Î¤¤¡A¹ï©ó±M§QÀݥέì«hªº¥¥¨|¡A©l©ó¤Ï¦«©Ô´µªk¹ï©ó¤£·í±M§Q±ÂÅvªº³W¨î¡A¦ý¤]°ÑÂø¤FTorts«IÅvªkªºUnclean Hands Doctrine·§©À¡A¥H¤Î«´¬ùªk¹ï©ó±ÂÅv«´¬ùªº³W½d¡A³Ì«á¬ü°ê°ê·|³q¹L¤F±M§Q­×¥¿®×¡A¤è©ó¬ü°ê±M§Qªk¤¤©ú­q¤F±M§QÀݥΪº³W©w¡C¦AªÌ¡A¬ü°êCommon Law¶Ç²Î¡Aªk©x¹ï©óªk«ßªº¸ÑÄÀ¨É¦³·¥¤jªº¦Û¥Ñ¡A¬O§_¥i¦p¦P¤j³°ªk¨tªº§Ú°ê¡AºD©ó¹ï©óªk±øªº®Ø¬[¸ÑÄÀ¡A¦³¬Û¦Pªº¹ïÀ³¤ñªþ´©¤Þ¡A¤]¬O»á¦³§xÃø¡C

±q¥j¨ì¤µ¡A¬ü°êªk°|¤@³e¹B¥Î¸T¤î±M§QÀݥέì«h¤§¤¤¤ß«ä·Q¡A¦b©ó¾á¤ß±M§QÅv¤H¤£·í§Q¥Î¨ä¿W¥e±Æ¥LÅv¤O©ó«D±M§Q½d³ò¥~¤§²£«~¡C¦¹ºÃ¼{¥i»¡¬O¾á¼~±M§QÅv¤H±N¨ä±M§QÅv¥Ñ±M§Q²£«~¤£·íªº©µ¦ù¨ì±±¨î¥«³õ¦Ó§«Ãª¥¿±`Ävª§¡C

 

2.2.2 ¬ü°ê³Ì°ªªk°|³ÌªñÃö©ó±M§QÀݥΪº2006¦~Illinois Tool Works§P¨M

¬ü°ê³Ì°ªªk°|¦b2006¦~Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.(547 U.S. 28)ªº§P¨M·N¨£¡A¬O³Ì°ªªk°|¥Ø«e´N¬ü°ê±M§Qªk¡±271(d)(5)ªº³Ìªñ§P¨M·N¦®¡C¦¹§P¨M¤¤ªº¥D­nª§ÂI¡A¦b©ó±M§QÅv¤H¬O§_¥õ¿à±M§QÅv¤¤±Æ¥L¼vÅT¤O(leverage based on the patent)§@¬°¤â¬q¡A«e´£¬O§_À³ªÖ©w¦³±M§QÅv§Y±À©w¨ä¦³¼vÅT¤O¡AÁÙ¬O±M§QÅv¤H¨ÃµL§Q¥Î±M§QÅv¼vÅT¤O§@¬°¨ä±ÂÅv¤â¬q? ¬ü°ê³Ì°ªªk°|¦bIndependent Ink§P¨M·N¦®ªí¥Ü¡A³æ³æ°ò©ó¾Ö¦³±M§QÅv¡A´N±À½×±M§QÅv¤H¥«³õ¼vÅT¤Oªº¦s¦b¡A¨Ì¾Ú¸gÀÙ²z½×©Î¬O°Ó·~²{ªp¡A¬O¨S¦³®Ú¾Úªº¡Cªk°|¨£¸Ñ¥H¬°¡A¹ï©ó¬O§_¦³¹Hªk­­¨îÄvª§ªº±¡¶Õ¦s¦b¡A¥²¶·ÃÒ©ú¦³¥«³õ¼vÅT¤O°µ¬°®Ú¾Ú¡A¦Ó¤£¯à¶È¾a±À½×¡C

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¦]¦¹¦³¾ÇªÌ¥H¬°¡Aªk°|¨£¸Ñ¥Ñ¦­´Á®×¥ó¥H¨ÓªºÅܾE¡A¤@¨Ç¹L©¹®×¥óªºªº¨£¸Ñ¤]Åܪº¹L®É¤F¡C¦b¤G¤Q¥@¬ö¤¤´Á¡Aªk°|¤@¦V±N±M§Q§YÁp·Q¨ã¦³¿W¦ûÃbÂ_¤§¸·¡A¦]¦Óµø¬°¤Ï¦«©Ô´µªkªº·¥¤p¨Ò¥~¡C¦¹¨£¸Ñ¯S§O±`¨£©ó¬ü°ê³Ì°ªªk°|¦b1930¦~¥N¨ì1960¦~¥Nªº§P¨M¤¤¡A¤]¤w¸g¦bªñ´X¦~³Qº¥º¥²^¨O¡C